Introduction to Inspection and Testing Standards for Ceramic Basin Ware Inspection and Audit Services for Warehouses and Factories

2025年9月11日

The ceramic basin, as the core product of the bathroom space, its quality directly affects the user experience and brand reputation. For purchasers, brand owners, and quality inspection professionals, establishing a comprehensive supply chain quality management system is of utmost importance. This article will systematically elaborate on the inspection and testing standards, quality control (QC) processes, and inspection methods for ceramic basins.
I. Source Control: Key Points for Factory Audit of Ceramic Basin Manufacturers
Before conducting bulk purchases, a comprehensive supplier audit of the manufacturer is essential to ensure consistent product quality.
Quality Management System Certification:
Has the factory established and implemented the ISO9001 quality management system?
Do we have complete procedures and records for incoming material inspection (IQC), production process control (IPQC), and final product inspection (FQC)?
Does it have a complete quality traceability system to enable full-process traceability from raw materials to finished products?
Production process and equipment:
Evaluate the level of process control for key procedures such as raw material preparation, molding, glazing application, and firing.
Check the accuracy and stability of the kiln temperature control system
Verify the effectiveness of the equipment maintenance records and the process parameter monitoring system
Laboratory testing capabilities:
The factory laboratory should be equipped with bending strength testers, ceramic wear resistance testers, and water absorption rate testing equipment, etc.
Confirm that the laboratory is capable of conducting chemical composition analysis, physical performance testing, and surface quality inspection.
Check the calibration status and validity period of the detection equipment
Raw material control:
Verify the qualifications and test reports of the suppliers of key raw materials such as clay and glaze.
Confirm that the raw materials meet the environmental protection requirements (such as the lead and cadmium leaching levels comply with the GB/T 3534 standard)
Check the storage conditions and management standards of raw materials
II. Finished Product Inspection: Sampling Inspection Standard Process for Ceramic Basin
The inspection of ceramic basins should be conducted according to the GB/T 2828.1 standard, covering multiple aspects such as appearance, size, functionality and performance.
1. Packaging and Labeling Inspection
Packaging materials: Check the strength of the outer box and the design of the inner cushioning protection.
Product identification: Verify the model, specifications, production date, and applicable standards, etc., ensuring the information is accurate and clear.
Safety measures: Ensure there is sufficient padding between the products to prevent any collisions during transportation.
2. Appearance Quality Inspection (Visual Inspection) - Key Inspection Item
Surface Defect Inspection:
Cracking (glaze cracking): There are cracks on the glaze surface but they do not penetrate the body.
Crack: A crack without glaze coating
Flop: A surface bulge no larger than 1mm
Brown eyes: Small holes on the glaze surface with a diameter not exceeding 1mm
Fissures: Cracks on the glaze surface with a size greater than 1mm
Spot: A discoloration on the glaze surface with a diameter not exceeding 1mm
Glaze quality inspection:
Orange glaze: The glaze surface lacks luster and has an orange-peel-like appearance.
Loose dirt: Raised areas formed by deposits on the glaze surface
Smudging: Partial or complete discoloration of the glaze surface.
Defective glaze: The area that should have been glazed was not glazed.
Structural integrity check:
Impact: Part of the product falls off, resulting in damage.
Deformation: Twisting or bending that does not match the designed shape
Ripples: The glaze surface has the appearance of water waves or thick glaze stripes.
3. Dimensional Measurement
Key dimensions: Measure the length, width, depth, and installation hole spacing of the basin.
Tolerance range: Ensure that the dimensions of each part are within the allowable tolerance range.
Flatness inspection: Check the flatness of the installation surface to ensure smooth installation.
Roundness inspection: Checking the roundness deviation of the circular basin.
4. Functional Testing
Drainage performance: Test drainage speed and flow capacity
Splash-proof performance: Check the effectiveness of the water splash-proof design
Installation hole positions: Verify the accuracy and compatibility of the installation hole locations
Accessory matching: Check the compatibility with faucets, drain valves, etc.
5. Performance Testing
Water absorption test: Performed in accordance with GB/T 6952 standard. The water absorption rate of ceramic products is ≤ 0.5%
Crack resistance test: Apply the specified pressure to check the crack resistance performance.
Glaze hardness: The wear resistance of the glaze surface is tested according to the Mohs hardness standard.
Chemical resistance: Test the corrosion resistance to common cleaning products
6. Safety and Environmental Protection Testing
Lead and Cadmium Release: The amount of heavy metal release is tested in accordance with the GB/T 3534 standard.
Radioactivity testing: Ensure compliance with the GB 6566 standard for radioactive nuclide limits in building materials
Edge smoothness: Check that there are no sharp edges or corners at all edges and holes.
III. Common Defect Classification
Critical (Severe Defects):贯穿性裂纹、结构性损坏、安装孔位偏差超出标准、重金属含量超标。
Major Defects: Obvious deformation, extensive loss of glaze, significant color difference, and cavities or bubbles that affect usage.
Minor (Minor Defects): Minor spots, small areas of orange glaze, imperceptible waves, non-critical dimensional deviations.
IV. Inspection Rules and Criteria
Sampling Plan:
Appearance inspection: General inspection level II, AQL = 1.5
Functional dimensions: Special inspection level II, AQL = 1.5
When there are customer complaints, the relevant problem points will be subject to full inspection.
Defect determination:
If just one Critical defect is found, the entire batch can be judged as不合格 (unqualified).
The number of major defects exceeded the AQL acceptance limit, and thus it was determined to be unqualified.
The safety and environmental protection projects adhere to the principle of "zero tolerance".
Report Output: The detailed inspection report should include the sample quantity, measurement data, defect description (with attached pictures), and test result records.
Conclusion
The quality inspection of ceramic basin sets requires professional knowledge and meticulous operation. Through strict factory audits, it is ensured that the manufacturers possess stable production processes and quality control capabilities. Then, through the final inspection before shipment, a comprehensive quality verification of the finished products is conducted to form a complete quality assurance system. Purchasers and brand owners should particularly pay attention to the discrimination of appearance defects and performance tests to ensure that the products comply with relevant standards, providing consumers with beautiful and practical bathroom products.