Hardware and building materials inspection

Building door and window hardware refers to various metal or non-metallic accessories installed on doors and windows, which play important roles in connection, opening and closing, support, sealing and safety protection. Common door and window hardware includes hinges, handles, pulleys, hinges, latches, locks, door closers, multi-point locking systems and sealing strips, which are widely used in various buildings such as residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial plants, etc. High-quality hardware is usually made of corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, zinc alloy, etc., and has the characteristics of firm structure, smooth opening and closing, and long service life. At the same time, modern hardware products focus on intelligent and humanized design, such as anti-theft locks, buffer devices, intelligent induction opening systems, etc., which greatly improve the safety and convenience of doors and windows. As an important part of the performance of doors and windows, hardware not only affects the overall appearance, but also relates to the sealing, sound insulation, windproof and waterproof functions of doors and windows. It is a key supporting material that cannot be ignored in construction and decoration.

Classification

The functional categories are as follows:

a) Operating parts: including handles for transmission mechanisms, screw-type handles, double-sided handles, single-point locks, handles and window openers;

b) Load-bearing components: including hinges, door clamps, sliding supports, sliding supports for sliding windows, pulleys and floor springs, etc.;

c) Transmission locking components: including transmission locks, multi-point locks and latches, etc.;

d) Auxiliary components: including supports, lifting aids, anti-slip devices, anti-fall devices and temperature-controlled window closing devices, etc.

General

• The application of door and window hardware should be based on the climatic conditions of the project site, wind load design values, door and window grid sizes, etc., and a special application plan should be prepared, and matching hardware should be selected based on the application plan.
• The selection of door and window hardware should comply with the coordination and installation structure requirements of hardware and profiles. The performance should meet the functional and physical performance requirements of doors and windows, and be systematic, complete and maintainable.
• Hardware for exterior doors, windows and shutters of buildings with requirements for preventing abnormal opening should comply with the provisions of GB/T 41504; hardware for doors and windows with requirements for barrier-free use should comply with the provisions of GB/T 41334; hardware bearing components and transmission locking components for fire-resistant windows should be made of steel substrates; hardware used in smart doors and windows should be able to be manually opened and closed when power is off or the electric part fails.
• The design and selection of materials for door and window hardware should use recommended commonly used materials and implementation standards. When non-recommended materials are selected, they should meet the normal use of doors and windows and the performance requirements of corresponding hardware products.
• The installation of door and window hardware should meet the design requirements to ensure the accuracy of the opening position, installation position, etc. When the connection between the hardware and the doors and windows cannot meet the connection strength requirements, local reinforcement measures should be taken.
• During the installation and use of door and window hardware, adjustments and regular maintenance should be carried out according to the requirements of the product manual to ensure smooth opening and closing, avoid bumps and prevent falling; parts requiring lubrication should be lubricated regularly; contact surfaces should be cleaned of dust, sand and other foreign matter in a timely manner as required, and should not come into contact with corrosive media.
• Neutral detergent should be used for cleaning and maintenance of door and window hardware. During the cleaning process, sewage should not enter the interior of the hardware. If it has entered, it should be cleaned and lubricated in time.

Commonly used materials for various product bodies

• The common materials for the handle body of the transmission mechanism should be die-cast zinc alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, extruded aluminum alloy, forged aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
• The commonly used materials for the body of the spun handle should be die-cast zinc alloy and die-cast aluminum alloy.
• The commonly used materials for the double-sided handle body should be die-cast zinc alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, extruded aluminum alloy, forged aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
• The commonly used materials for the main body of the single-point lock should be stainless steel, die-cast zinc alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy and extruded aluminum alloy.
• The common materials for the handle body should be stainless steel, die-cast aluminum alloy, extruded aluminum alloy and copper alloy.
• The commonly used materials for the window opener body should be extruded aluminum alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel.
• The commonly used materials for the hinge body should be carbon steel, die-cast zinc alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, extruded aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
• The common materials for the main body of glass door hinges should be die-cast zinc alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, copper alloy and stainless steel.
• The commonly used materials for the door clamp body should be die-cast aluminum alloy, carbon steel, stainless steel and gray cast iron.
• The commonly used material for the sliding support body should be stainless steel.
• The commonly used material for the sliding support of the sliding window should be stainless steel.
• Common materials for the pulley body should be stainless steel, carbon steel, die-cast zinc alloy, extruded aluminum alloy, die-cast aluminum alloy, brass, polyoxymethylene and polyamide.
• Common materials for floor spring bodies should be die-cast aluminum alloy, extruded aluminum alloy, gray cast iron, carbon steel, alloy structural steel and hydraulic oil.
• The commonly used materials for the transmission lock body should be stainless steel, carbon steel, die-cast zinc alloy, extruded aluminum alloy and die-cast aluminum alloy.
• Common materials for the main body of multi-point locks should be stainless steel, carbon steel, die-cast zinc alloy and extruded aluminum alloy.
• Common materials for the bolt body should be carbon steel, die-cast zinc alloy, extruded aluminum alloy and stainless steel.
• The commonly used materials for the support body should be stainless steel and extruded aluminum alloy.

Require

Appearance

External surface

The exposed surface of the product should not have obvious defects, such as flaws, scratches, pores, pits, flash, sharp edges, burrs, etc. The joints should be firm, round,

Smooth, no cracks.

coating

The coating should be uniform in color and should not have defects such as bubbles, sagging, peeling, paint piling, orange peel, etc.

Plating

The coating should be dense and uniform, without defects such as missing plating, yellowing, and burning.

Anodized surface

The anodized film should be dense and the surface color should be consistent and uniform.

Film thickness and adhesion

Corrosion resistance

The base material is carbon steel or zinc alloy, and the covering layer is "nickel + chromium or copper + nickel + chromium" plated hardware. The corrosion resistance should comply with the requirements of copper accelerated acetic acid salt spray test (CASS) for 16 hours, corrosive paste corrosion test (CORR) for 16 hours, or acetic acid salt spray test (AASS) for 96 hours, and the appearance rating RA ≥ 8.

Weather resistance

Weather resistance of outdoor hardware with surface coatings such as anodizing, electrophoretic painting, powder coating and spray painting after artificial aging test.

Heat and humidity resistance

When moisture and heat resistance is required, after a moisture and heat resistance test of not less than 480 hours, the outer surface of the product should not have defects such as rust and blistering.

Opening and closing operation performance

The opening and closing performance of hardware is expressed by the operating force (torque) of different parts, different forms and different opening and closing methods.

Safety device performance

Fall prevention device

The fall prevention device shall meet the following requirements:

a) Under the static load of 3 000 N, all parts do not break or fall;

b) Under dynamic impact, the test simulates that the window sash does not fall.

Temperature controlled window closing device

Hardware products with temperature-controlled window closing functions should meet the following requirements:

a) The heat-sensitive element does not operate within 5 minutes at a temperature of (64±0.5)℃, but operates within 1 minute at a temperature of (74±0.5)℃;

b) The automatic closing time of the window sash shall not exceed 60 s.

Test methods

Appearance

Visual inspection should be carried out under natural light or near natural light with an illumination of 300 lx~600 lx at a visual distance of 400 mm~

500 mm.

Film thickness and adhesion

Film thickness

The measurement of metal coating film thickness shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 9799; the measurement of powder coating and spray painting film thickness of carbon steel substrate shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4956; the measurement of anodized, electrophoretic painting, powder coating and spray painting film thickness of aluminum alloy substrate shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4957; the measurement of electrophoretic painting, powder coating and spray painting film thickness of zinc alloy substrate shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 4957.

Adhesion

The test and rating of electrophoretic paint adhesion shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 5237.3; the test and rating of powder spraying adhesion shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T5237.4; the test and rating of spray paint adhesion shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 5237.5.

Corrosion resistance

Before the test, the cutting area and riveting points should be protected with appropriate covering layers. Neutral salt spray test (NSS), acetic acid salt spray test

The AASS and CASS tests shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 10125 and rated in accordance with GB/T 6461. The CORR test shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 6465 and rated in accordance with GB/T 6461.

Weather resistance

Prepare a 150 mm × 70 mm standard test specimen. Anodizing is carried out according to the fluorescent ultraviolet weathering test (UVA) cycle number III in GB/T 12967.4-2022; electrophoretic painting, powder spraying, and spray painting are carried out according to the xenon lamp accelerated weathering test in cycle A of method 1 in GB/T 1865-2009, the gloss value is measured according to GB/T 9754, and the color difference before and after the test is measured according to GB/T 11186.2 and GB/T 11186.3.

Heat and humidity resistance

Select a constant temperature and humidity chamber that meets the test conditions, with an internal height of no less than 600 mm. The test temperature is (47±1)℃, the relative humidity is (96±2)%, and the laboratory water level is no less than the third-grade water specified in GB/T 6682. The test is carried out as follows:

a) The specimens are hung vertically in the test chamber to avoid contact between the specimens. During the test, ensure that no condensation occurs on the surface of the specimens. If the specimens are too long to fit in the test chamber, they can be cut off and protected with an appropriate covering layer at the cutting position.

b) When the temperature and humidity reach the set values, start counting the test time and check every 72 hours;

c) After the test, observe the rust and blistering conditions under sufficient light or direct light.

Opening and closing operation performance, repeated opening and closing performance

Opening and closing performance and repeated opening and closing test methods of common operating parts, load-bearing parts, transmission locking parts and auxiliary parts

Safety device performance

Fall prevention device

The test was carried out according to the following steps.

a) The static load and dynamic impact tests of the fall protection device are carried out on two specimens respectively.

b) As shown in Figure 1, fix the frame fixing parts and the sash fixing parts of the anti-fall device to the rigid components, and apply a static tensile force of 3,000 N in the separation direction. Maintain for 5 minutes, and observe whether the parts are damaged after unloading.

c) Without installing other hardware, install the anti-fall device on the test simulation window according to the product instructions. Push the simulated window sash out of the window frame from the normal installation state, wait for the simulated window to stop swinging naturally, repeat the test 3 times, and observe whether the window sash falls.

Temperature controlled window closing device

The test was carried out according to the following steps.

a) The static operating temperature of the heat sensitive element of the temperature-controlled window closing device shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB 18428 when glass bulbs are used, and in accordance with the provisions of XF 863 when fusible alloys are used.

b) Install the temperature-controlled window closing device on the test simulation window according to the product instructions, and adjust the opening and closing force. Open the simulated window sash to the maximum angle, use an open flame or other heating method to heat the location where the heat sensitive element is installed until the heat sensitive element bursts, and observe whether the window sash can be closed normally within 60 seconds.