Inspection standards for electric tricycles and electric motorcycles

1. Appearance inspection

1. Overall appearance requirements:

• All parts of the vehicle body should be intact and connected firmly without looseness.

• The joints of the covering parts are even (gap ≤ 3mm) and there is no obvious dislocation

• Exposed metal parts are free of burrs and sharp edges (R angle ≥ 0.5mm)

2. Surface treatment:

• Coating thickness ≥ 60μm, adhesion test (cross-hatch method) reaches level 1

• Electroplating layer thickness: decorative parts ≥8μm, functional parts ≥12μm

• Color difference of plastic parts ΔE≤1.5 (compared with standard color plate)

3. Welding quality:

• Weld undercut depth ≤ 0.5mm

• The diameter of the weld porosity is ≤1mm and ≤3 per meter

• Welding deformation ≤ 2mm/m

2. Dimensional parameter inspection

1. Key dimensional tolerances:

• Outer dimension deviation ≤±3% or ±50mm (whichever is smaller)

• Wheelbase deviation ≤±10mm

• Wheelbase deviation ≤±5mm

2. Quality parameters:

• Curb mass deviation ≤±5%

• Axle load distribution: Steering axle ≥ 18% of total mass

• Side wheel load of tricycle ≤35% of total mass

3. Performance Testing

1. Power performance:

• Maximum speed deviation ≤±10% (from nominal value)

• 0-50km/h acceleration time ≤15s

• Maximum climbing grade ≥15° (full load)

2. Braking performance:

• Braking distance on dry road (30km/h) ≤7m

• Braking deceleration ≥4.0m/s²

• Parking brake slope ≥15°

3. Electrical performance:

• Insulation resistance ≥ 2MΩ (500VDC test)

• Withstand voltage test: 1500V/1min without breakdown

• Waterproof grade: controller ≥ IP65, battery compartment ≥ IP54

4. Inspection of key components

1. Frame:

• Static load test: 1.5 times full load without permanent deformation

• Fatigue test: 100,000 vibration tests without cracking

2. Battery system:

• Capacity test: actual capacity ≥ 95% of nominal value

• Overcharge/overdischarge protection function verification

• Temperature monitoring accuracy ±2℃

3. Motor:

• Efficiency test: rated point ≥85%

• Temperature rise test: winding ≤75K (ambient temperature 25℃)

• Waterproof test: IP67 standard

5. Safety device inspection

1. Lighting system:

• Headlight illumination: ≥20lux at 10m

• Turn signal flash frequency: 60-120 times/minute

• Reflection coefficient of rear reflector ≥50cd/lx/m²

2. Anti-theft system:

• Locking torque ≥50N·m

• Anti-pry test: withstand 500N static load without failure

• Electronic anti-theft: Anti-interference test (30V/m)

6. Reliability Test

1. Road test:

• 3000km comprehensive road test (including 20% of poor road conditions)

• Failure rate of key components ≤3%

2. Environmental adaptability:

• High and low temperature test (-20℃~45℃)

• Humidity test (95% RH, 48h)

• Salt spray test (96h, rating ≥ 7)

7. Document Review

1. Compulsory certification:

• CCC certification (Chinese market)

• E-Mark certification (EU)

• DOT certification (USA)

2. Technical Documents:

• Vehicle technical parameters table

• Key component supplier list

• Material environmental testing report (RoHS/REACH)

8. Packaging Inspection

1. Transport packaging:

• Drop test (80cm height, 6 sides 3 times)

• Vibration test (3h, 5-200Hz random vibration)

• Anti-rust treatment (VCI gas phase rust prevention)

2. Labeling requirements:

• Warning signs (Chinese and English)

• Maximum stacking layer number mark

• Center of gravity position mark (when it exceeds 0.5m)

Suggestions for optimizing the inspection process:

1. Adopt AQL 2.5/1.0 sampling plan

2. Setting quality control points (Witness Points) in key processes

3. Implementing GP-12 early production containment plan

4. Establish control standards for key dimensions CPK ≥ 1.33

Common non-conforming items:

1. Class A defects (safety-related): 100% rework + root cause analysis

2. Class B defects (function-related): Stricter sampling review

3. Category C defects (appearance related): concession acceptance limit 5%

Note: Specific acceptance criteria should be adjusted based on target market regulations (e.g., EU Regulation 168/2013, US FMVSS standards, etc.) and customer-specific requirements. A detailed GAP Analysis is recommended prior to inspection.